Scripture Judges 2:11-19
They did not listen even to their judges; for they lusted after other gods and bowed down to them.
—Judges 2:17
LISTENING TO GOD’S JUDGES
2:11 Then the Israelites did what was evil in the sight of the LORD and worshiped the Baals; 12 and they abandoned the LORD, the God of their ancestors, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt; they followed other gods, from among the gods of the peoples who were all around them, and bowed down to them; and they provoked the LORD to anger. 13 They abandoned the LORD, and worshiped Baal and the Astartes. 14 So the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he gave them over to plunderers who plundered them, and he sold them into the power of their enemies all around, so that they could no longer withstand their enemies. 15 Whenever they marched out, the hand of the LORD was against them to bring misfortune, as the LORD had warned them and sworn to them; and they were in great distress.
16 Then the LORD raised up judges, who delivered them out of the power of those who plundered them. 17 Yet they did not listen even to their judges; for they lusted after other gods and bowed down to them. They soon turned aside from the way in which their ancestors had walked, who had obeyed the commandments of the LORD; they did not follow their example. 18 Whenever the LORD raised up judges for them, the LORD was with the judge, and he delivered them from the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for the LORD would be moved to pity by their groaning because of those who persecuted and oppressed them. 19 But whenever the judge died, they would relapse and behave worse than their ancestors, following other gods, worshiping them and bowing down to them. They would not drop any of their practices or their stubborn ways.
Commenting that something is like a broken record may seem like a quaint figure of speech to folks today who get their music from CDs or downloads, not on vinyl. But there is no better way to describe the book of Judges; it plays like a broken record. The people turn away from God and worship idols. God's anger is kindled, and the people fall to other geopolitical powers. In their oppression and misery, they cry out to God, who raises up a judge to deliver them. The judge delivers, the people rejoice, and for a little while things are OK. Until once again, the people turn away from God and start worshiping the idols.
The book of Judges gives us glimpses of communities in flux. We see what happens when communities follow good leaders who are called by God. We also see what happens when communities follow leaders into error. We see what happens when communities are organized and disorganized. We see what happens when communities worship false gods, or try to take matters into their own hands. We see what happens when communities benefit from God's protection and deliverance, and what happens when they forget who they are; whose they are, and how they got to where they are. In all of these changes, we see the same old cycle, playing repeatedly like a broken record.
After the death of Joshua, and through the time of Samuel, elders led the tribes of Israel. In difficult times, judges were raised up by the Lord. The judges were usually military leaders who deal with one or a few tribes. A few judges, such as Deborah and Gideon, had broader leadership roles that also provided for some periods of unity among the tribes.
Like Joshua, the book of Judges covers the conquest of 'the land of Canaan, but a different picture emerges. In Joshua, the conquest is quick, decisive, and complete. The conquest as presented in the book of Judges matches more accurately the archaeological evidence that tells a story of a much more gradual move into the land, gained in small battles with some wins and some losses.
This passage from Judges reminds us of Moses' ongoing conversation with God about the people whom he has been called to lead out of Egypt, Perhaps Moses expected a hero's welcome from the Israelites, but when Pharaoh increased their burden, the people turned against Moses, and Moses turned to God, saying, "O LORD, why have you mistreated this people?" (Ex. 5:22}. Each time, when the going got tough in the wilderness, the people turned and blamed Moses, and Moses would turn to the Lord, asking, "What shall I do with this people?" (Ex. 17:4). Moses calls them stiff-necked, and addresses them as rebels. How can anyone be expected to lead a group like that?
Now, a couple of generations after Moses, the Israelites ' still have difficulties following the leader. God raises judges to deliver the people, but the people don't want to follow the judges. They might change their behavior for a little while, but before long, they were up to their old behavior. They want to go their own way, to pursue their lusts and desires. It is interesting that the people are so resistant to submitting to the leadership that God provides, and yet they are quick to give submission—gladly—to idols of their own choosing. It isn't a simple matter of rebellion against authority; the people submit to the authority of false gods, even as they shake off the yoke of the one who has delivered them repeatedly. As the Israelites fight submission to God's will through the direction of the leaders that God had raised up, the result is that they end up under a much worse oppression—foreign rule.
We may not make idols out of wood or worship the Baals and Astartes, but many things in our world call us to devotion. The people of Israel were reminded repeatedly that the God of their ancestors had brought them out of Egypt. They lived with the call, "Love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might." Like the people of Israel, we do not do this well because we allow these words to become background noise to the other demands on our life. The desires that lead us away from a grateful relationship with God are like a slippery slope. The more out of practice in worshiping God we are, the easier it is for us to neglect God's claims on our lives.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
The people of Israel repeated the pattern above like a broken record, and they didn't seem to learn their lessons. What kind of patterns do we see in the church, or in our own lives, where we fail to learn our lessons and keep repeating the same mistakes?
What are the false gods that we lust after today? How does our desire to pursue those things result in our own oppression or submission to external powers?
Is submission to God's will restrictive or freeing?
PRAYER
Almighty God, we confess that we are often stiff-necked and rebellious. We are difficult to lead, and we have not always followed the leaders who you have called to serve. Help us to submit to your will and, through submission to you, unite us in community so that we may follow your call, to discipleship and ministry and be the body of Christ that you have gathered us to be. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Thursday, April 5, 2012
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
Scripture
Joshua 7:1, 10-12, 22-26
The Israelites broke faith in regard to the devoted things: Achan …, of the tribe of Judah, took some of the devoted things; and the anger of the LORD burned against the Israelites.
—Joshua 7:1
GOD REACTS TO DISOBEDIENCE
10 The LORD said to Joshua, "Stand up! Why have you fallen upon your face? 11 Israel has sinned; they have transgressed my covenant that I imposed on them. They have taken some of the devoted things; they have stolen, they have acted deceitfully, and they have put them among their own belongings. 12 Therefore the Israelites are unable to stand before their enemies; they turn their backs to their enemies, because they have become a thing devoted for destruction themselves. I will be with you no more, unless you destroy the devoted things from among you."
22 So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran to the tent; and there it was, hidden in his tent with the silver underneath, 23They took them out of the tent and brought them to Joshua and all the Israelites; and they spread them out before the LORD. 24 Then Joshua and all Israel with him took Achan son of Zerah, with the silver, the mantle, and the bar of gold, with his sons and daughters, with his oxen, donkeys, and sheep, and his tent and all that he had; and they brought them up to the-Valley of Achor. 25 Joshua said, "Why did you bring trouble on us? The LORD is bringing trouble on you today." And all Israel stoned him to death; they burned them with fire, cast stones on them, 26 and raised over him a great heap of stones that remains, to this day.
One of the longest-held misconceptions about God is that God inflicts human beings with disease and misfortune because of their sins. When Job's friends went to comfort him, they gave him advice filled with presuppositions that God aims at getting even with human beings for their mistakes. Two of the questions we may have when we read Scripture texts like this are: "Does God punish us for disobedience like this?" Moreover, "Why does an entire family and even the entire nation of Israel suffer for one person's disobedience?"
However, this scripture is about disobedience, not sin. Out of God's generosity, God promises to give land to Israel. They cannot take anything by the work of their own hands. All the credit must go to God. We are designed for dependence on God, remembering that all good things come from God. The story is about idolatry and breaking the bonds of idolatry in the life of people of God. By taking the loot, Achan takes credit where the credit is rightfully due God. There is no room for this in the life of God's people.
This Scripture asks a question of the Israelites' devotion. Will their devotion go to God? Or will their devotion go to the things they can grasp? Achan's unfaithfulness contrasts the story of Rahab's faithfulness. Rahab was hospitable to the people of Israel when she hid the spies and acted out of obedience to God. She gave up her city of Jericho, so that Israel could receive it from God. Though she was a citizen of the city, she let go of it, recognizing that God had given it to Israel. Achan, however, acted out of disobedience, taking spoil from the city.
The spoils of war would normally go to the victors, but they are off limits to the soldiers of Israel. They are "dedicated" or “devoted” to God. By refusing to take the spoils, the soldiers communicate that they do not deserve the spoils. This prohibition is called “the ban.” Achan's grasping for the spoils is an act that robs God of credit. Because he misuses his opportunity, Achan brings down his entire family with him. By removing and all things associated with him, Israel rids itself of this instance of idolatry, and is restored to a relationship with God as deliverer.
Sin can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition is that it is anything that disrupts our relationship with God or with each other. We were created to be in harmonious relationship with God and with all of creation, and anything that violates those relational bonds tears at the fiber of creation. God had instructed the Israelites in a particular way, and Achan disobeyed. By hiding the items, he was essentially lying to God, indicating how ruptured his relationship was with the Most Holy. His original transgression was perhaps not bad, but rather than seeking forgiveness and reconciliation, his silence indicated how far he had turned his back on God. God is a merciful God who had shown mercy many times before to the Israelites. Achan did not repent and ask God for mercy but had already turned away from God, and his punishment was death.
Disobedience in the community harms the whole community. It signifies broken relationships between God and between the other members of the community, and that is no small thing. Thirty-six Israelites died in the loss at Ai, and the people lost faith. Achan's disobedience was personal, but it had communal consequences. God was with the people, but the people had to do their part—to follow the few instructions that God had given them, and to always turn toward God. It was a hard lesson that the Israelites had to keep learning, and one that we continue to learn today.
Our lives should be set apart, dedicated to God. We all have idolatrous tendencies, but when these ways are handed over to God, we can dedicate our lives to what counts.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Is it a new idea to think of an idol as anything that we give ultimate status to?
What are some ways that we find it hard to devote our lives to God?
What are some ways that we can be more devoted to God?
PRAYER
O Lord God, we know that our hearts are divided. We often use our time, talents, and resources to make little kingdoms for ourselves. We hide things and become devoted to them instead of devoting those things to you. Show us a better way to live. Help us to remember that while the things that we want are good things, they are not the ultimate thing. Remind us again that you are our creator who has given us everything. Grow in us a trust for you and enable us to remember to devote all things to you.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Joshua 7:1, 10-12, 22-26
The Israelites broke faith in regard to the devoted things: Achan …, of the tribe of Judah, took some of the devoted things; and the anger of the LORD burned against the Israelites.
—Joshua 7:1
GOD REACTS TO DISOBEDIENCE
10 The LORD said to Joshua, "Stand up! Why have you fallen upon your face? 11 Israel has sinned; they have transgressed my covenant that I imposed on them. They have taken some of the devoted things; they have stolen, they have acted deceitfully, and they have put them among their own belongings. 12 Therefore the Israelites are unable to stand before their enemies; they turn their backs to their enemies, because they have become a thing devoted for destruction themselves. I will be with you no more, unless you destroy the devoted things from among you."
22 So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran to the tent; and there it was, hidden in his tent with the silver underneath, 23They took them out of the tent and brought them to Joshua and all the Israelites; and they spread them out before the LORD. 24 Then Joshua and all Israel with him took Achan son of Zerah, with the silver, the mantle, and the bar of gold, with his sons and daughters, with his oxen, donkeys, and sheep, and his tent and all that he had; and they brought them up to the-Valley of Achor. 25 Joshua said, "Why did you bring trouble on us? The LORD is bringing trouble on you today." And all Israel stoned him to death; they burned them with fire, cast stones on them, 26 and raised over him a great heap of stones that remains, to this day.
One of the longest-held misconceptions about God is that God inflicts human beings with disease and misfortune because of their sins. When Job's friends went to comfort him, they gave him advice filled with presuppositions that God aims at getting even with human beings for their mistakes. Two of the questions we may have when we read Scripture texts like this are: "Does God punish us for disobedience like this?" Moreover, "Why does an entire family and even the entire nation of Israel suffer for one person's disobedience?"
However, this scripture is about disobedience, not sin. Out of God's generosity, God promises to give land to Israel. They cannot take anything by the work of their own hands. All the credit must go to God. We are designed for dependence on God, remembering that all good things come from God. The story is about idolatry and breaking the bonds of idolatry in the life of people of God. By taking the loot, Achan takes credit where the credit is rightfully due God. There is no room for this in the life of God's people.
This Scripture asks a question of the Israelites' devotion. Will their devotion go to God? Or will their devotion go to the things they can grasp? Achan's unfaithfulness contrasts the story of Rahab's faithfulness. Rahab was hospitable to the people of Israel when she hid the spies and acted out of obedience to God. She gave up her city of Jericho, so that Israel could receive it from God. Though she was a citizen of the city, she let go of it, recognizing that God had given it to Israel. Achan, however, acted out of disobedience, taking spoil from the city.
The spoils of war would normally go to the victors, but they are off limits to the soldiers of Israel. They are "dedicated" or “devoted” to God. By refusing to take the spoils, the soldiers communicate that they do not deserve the spoils. This prohibition is called “the ban.” Achan's grasping for the spoils is an act that robs God of credit. Because he misuses his opportunity, Achan brings down his entire family with him. By removing and all things associated with him, Israel rids itself of this instance of idolatry, and is restored to a relationship with God as deliverer.
Sin can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition is that it is anything that disrupts our relationship with God or with each other. We were created to be in harmonious relationship with God and with all of creation, and anything that violates those relational bonds tears at the fiber of creation. God had instructed the Israelites in a particular way, and Achan disobeyed. By hiding the items, he was essentially lying to God, indicating how ruptured his relationship was with the Most Holy. His original transgression was perhaps not bad, but rather than seeking forgiveness and reconciliation, his silence indicated how far he had turned his back on God. God is a merciful God who had shown mercy many times before to the Israelites. Achan did not repent and ask God for mercy but had already turned away from God, and his punishment was death.
Disobedience in the community harms the whole community. It signifies broken relationships between God and between the other members of the community, and that is no small thing. Thirty-six Israelites died in the loss at Ai, and the people lost faith. Achan's disobedience was personal, but it had communal consequences. God was with the people, but the people had to do their part—to follow the few instructions that God had given them, and to always turn toward God. It was a hard lesson that the Israelites had to keep learning, and one that we continue to learn today.
Our lives should be set apart, dedicated to God. We all have idolatrous tendencies, but when these ways are handed over to God, we can dedicate our lives to what counts.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Is it a new idea to think of an idol as anything that we give ultimate status to?
What are some ways that we find it hard to devote our lives to God?
What are some ways that we can be more devoted to God?
PRAYER
O Lord God, we know that our hearts are divided. We often use our time, talents, and resources to make little kingdoms for ourselves. We hide things and become devoted to them instead of devoting those things to you. Show us a better way to live. Help us to remember that while the things that we want are good things, they are not the ultimate thing. Remind us again that you are our creator who has given us everything. Grow in us a trust for you and enable us to remember to devote all things to you.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Saturday, February 4, 2012
Scripture
Joshua 6:2-3, 4b, 12-20b
At the seventh time, when the priests had blown the trumpets, Joshua said to the people, "Shout! For the LORD has given you the city."
—Joshua 6:16
GOD IS VICTORIOUS
6. The LORD said to Joshua, "See, I have handed Jericho over to you, along with its king and soldiers. 3. You shall march around the city, all the warriors circling the city once. Thus you shall do for six days with seven priests bearing seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark. On the seventh day you shall march around the city seven times, the priests blowing the trumpets." ... ,
12. Then Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the ark of the LORD. 13. The seven priests carrying the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of the LORD passed on, blowing the trumpets continually. The armed men went before them, and the rear guard came after the ark of the LORD, while the trumpets blew continually. 14. On the second day they marched around the city once and then returned to the camp. They did this for six days. .
15. On the seventh day they rose early, at dawn, and marched around the city in the same manner seven times. It was only on that day that they marched around the city seven times. 16. And at the seventh time, when the priests had blown the trumpets, Joshua said to the people, "Shout! For the LORD has given you the, city. 17. The city and all that is in it shall be devoted to the LORD for destruction. Only Rahab the prostitute and all who are with her in her house shall live because she hid the messengers we sent. 18. As for you, keep away from the things devoted to destruction, so as not to covet and take any of the devoted things and make the camp of Israel an object for destruction, bringing trouble upon it. 19. But all silver and gold, and vessels of bronze and iron, are sacred to the LORD; they shall go into the treasury of the LORD." 20. So the people shouted, and the trumpets were blown. As soon as the people heard the sound of the trumpets, they raised a great shout, and the wall fell down flat; so the people charged straight ahead into the city and captured it.
How many songs have the word Shout! in the lyrics? There is the Isley Brothers' "Shout!" a completely different "Shout” by Tears for Fears, and "Twist and Shout" by the Beatles, to name a few from pop music. There are a number of contemporary Christian songs that "Shout!"; "Shout to the Lord/' /'Shout to the King," "Shout for Joy," and more. The precedent is certainly biblical, as we see many songs with shouting in the book of Psalms, including Ps. 47, 66, and 81. You can hardly write the word shout! without the exclamation point after it. It is more than a simple crying out; to shout is to proclaim victory and triumph. The shout is a sound of celebration. In our passage from Joshua, it is also a weapon of war. Each time we gather for worship, we have the opportunity to re-create the shouts that we read about in Joshua—shouts that can break down walls, and bind us more closely to God and to each other.
The Lord approaches Joshua and reiterates that the land has been handed over to him as a gift of God. But Israel must go into battle, and they have few options for attacking a walled city like Jericho. Jericho was ready for Israel to attack it. Israel employs none of the typical military strategies; instead, Israel marches around the city. The point is clear: Israel cannot win without God's help.
The details of the march sound much like the ritual worship of Israel. Priests who performed the sacred rituals are present at this battle. They carry the Ark of the Covenant, God's presence, and seven priests continually blow rams' horns. They march around the city once and return to camp each day for six days. On day number seven, they march around the city seven times. The number seven indicates perfection and shows disciplined obedience to the Lord's lead.
On the seventh day, Joshua shows his confidence in God when he tells the people to shout. Shouting in war indicated that the battle was over. The people yell, then the walls come down; all the credit for victory belongs to God. God's strength is shown in lsrael's weakness.
The concern of this text is not whether the Israelites should be warring with the people around them. Instead, it is concerned with Israel's faithfulness to God. The tribes of Israel constantly face the temptation to serve themselves and make false gods. In the life of Israel, there can be only one ultimate concern, serving the Lord God. As the walls fall down, the soldiers are forbidden from taking anything for themselves. Any gold, silver, or bronze is to be dedicated to the Lord and placed in the treasury. In fact, everything in the city—people, bricks, mortar—must be killed and broken, leaving complete annihilation and destruction. Why? These remain as a monument to all who see to remind everyone that God is victorious.
The people must remember that God occupies the only place of honor in their lives. The Lord is concerned that if any of the things that the soldiers covet are preserved, idolatry will creep into Israel's heart. All that honors God is preserved, notably Rahab, who hid the spies because she recognized that the Lord was superior.
It may be problematic for us to think of God as the author of this kind of violence. Many times in history, people have used God as justification for their wars. The book of Joshua makes no apologies, because the Israelites had no problem justifying this kind of war. Their only question was: "Can we win?" The real point of Joshua is that the Israelites cannot do anything without God's help. They depend on God for their survival and they want to remind themselves to depend on God.
The story of Joshua was useful to the Israelites particularly when they were taken into exile. They meditated on God's past faithfulness, so that they might gain confidence that God would bring them out of exile.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION:
Are there times when you have wanted a particular victory that could come only at the expense of someone else's defeat?
What are some of the problematic issues or questions raised by this story of total conquest?
How does this text shape our understanding of who God is? Does it shape our view of war?
PRAYER
Victorious God, we know that in Jesus Christ you have conquered everything, including war and death. Yet wars and death still plague us today, including those fought in your name. Help us to be peacemakers and reconcilers, to shout for your shalom and healing in the places that are divided and wounded by war. Fill us with your Holy Spirit so that our shouts can bring down the walls of injustice that surround us today. Fill us with the hope that comes only from Christ, and help us to share that hope with a world that is so desperately in need of it. In Jesus' name. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Joshua 6:2-3, 4b, 12-20b
At the seventh time, when the priests had blown the trumpets, Joshua said to the people, "Shout! For the LORD has given you the city."
—Joshua 6:16
GOD IS VICTORIOUS
6. The LORD said to Joshua, "See, I have handed Jericho over to you, along with its king and soldiers. 3. You shall march around the city, all the warriors circling the city once. Thus you shall do for six days with seven priests bearing seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark. On the seventh day you shall march around the city seven times, the priests blowing the trumpets." ... ,
12. Then Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the ark of the LORD. 13. The seven priests carrying the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of the LORD passed on, blowing the trumpets continually. The armed men went before them, and the rear guard came after the ark of the LORD, while the trumpets blew continually. 14. On the second day they marched around the city once and then returned to the camp. They did this for six days. .
15. On the seventh day they rose early, at dawn, and marched around the city in the same manner seven times. It was only on that day that they marched around the city seven times. 16. And at the seventh time, when the priests had blown the trumpets, Joshua said to the people, "Shout! For the LORD has given you the, city. 17. The city and all that is in it shall be devoted to the LORD for destruction. Only Rahab the prostitute and all who are with her in her house shall live because she hid the messengers we sent. 18. As for you, keep away from the things devoted to destruction, so as not to covet and take any of the devoted things and make the camp of Israel an object for destruction, bringing trouble upon it. 19. But all silver and gold, and vessels of bronze and iron, are sacred to the LORD; they shall go into the treasury of the LORD." 20. So the people shouted, and the trumpets were blown. As soon as the people heard the sound of the trumpets, they raised a great shout, and the wall fell down flat; so the people charged straight ahead into the city and captured it.
How many songs have the word Shout! in the lyrics? There is the Isley Brothers' "Shout!" a completely different "Shout” by Tears for Fears, and "Twist and Shout" by the Beatles, to name a few from pop music. There are a number of contemporary Christian songs that "Shout!"; "Shout to the Lord/' /'Shout to the King," "Shout for Joy," and more. The precedent is certainly biblical, as we see many songs with shouting in the book of Psalms, including Ps. 47, 66, and 81. You can hardly write the word shout! without the exclamation point after it. It is more than a simple crying out; to shout is to proclaim victory and triumph. The shout is a sound of celebration. In our passage from Joshua, it is also a weapon of war. Each time we gather for worship, we have the opportunity to re-create the shouts that we read about in Joshua—shouts that can break down walls, and bind us more closely to God and to each other.
The Lord approaches Joshua and reiterates that the land has been handed over to him as a gift of God. But Israel must go into battle, and they have few options for attacking a walled city like Jericho. Jericho was ready for Israel to attack it. Israel employs none of the typical military strategies; instead, Israel marches around the city. The point is clear: Israel cannot win without God's help.
The details of the march sound much like the ritual worship of Israel. Priests who performed the sacred rituals are present at this battle. They carry the Ark of the Covenant, God's presence, and seven priests continually blow rams' horns. They march around the city once and return to camp each day for six days. On day number seven, they march around the city seven times. The number seven indicates perfection and shows disciplined obedience to the Lord's lead.
On the seventh day, Joshua shows his confidence in God when he tells the people to shout. Shouting in war indicated that the battle was over. The people yell, then the walls come down; all the credit for victory belongs to God. God's strength is shown in lsrael's weakness.
The concern of this text is not whether the Israelites should be warring with the people around them. Instead, it is concerned with Israel's faithfulness to God. The tribes of Israel constantly face the temptation to serve themselves and make false gods. In the life of Israel, there can be only one ultimate concern, serving the Lord God. As the walls fall down, the soldiers are forbidden from taking anything for themselves. Any gold, silver, or bronze is to be dedicated to the Lord and placed in the treasury. In fact, everything in the city—people, bricks, mortar—must be killed and broken, leaving complete annihilation and destruction. Why? These remain as a monument to all who see to remind everyone that God is victorious.
The people must remember that God occupies the only place of honor in their lives. The Lord is concerned that if any of the things that the soldiers covet are preserved, idolatry will creep into Israel's heart. All that honors God is preserved, notably Rahab, who hid the spies because she recognized that the Lord was superior.
It may be problematic for us to think of God as the author of this kind of violence. Many times in history, people have used God as justification for their wars. The book of Joshua makes no apologies, because the Israelites had no problem justifying this kind of war. Their only question was: "Can we win?" The real point of Joshua is that the Israelites cannot do anything without God's help. They depend on God for their survival and they want to remind themselves to depend on God.
The story of Joshua was useful to the Israelites particularly when they were taken into exile. They meditated on God's past faithfulness, so that they might gain confidence that God would bring them out of exile.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION:
Are there times when you have wanted a particular victory that could come only at the expense of someone else's defeat?
What are some of the problematic issues or questions raised by this story of total conquest?
How does this text shape our understanding of who God is? Does it shape our view of war?
PRAYER
Victorious God, we know that in Jesus Christ you have conquered everything, including war and death. Yet wars and death still plague us today, including those fought in your name. Help us to be peacemakers and reconcilers, to shout for your shalom and healing in the places that are divided and wounded by war. Fill us with your Holy Spirit so that our shouts can bring down the walls of injustice that surround us today. Fill us with the hope that comes only from Christ, and help us to share that hope with a world that is so desperately in need of it. In Jesus' name. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Monday, January 2, 2012
Scripture
Joshua 2:3-9, 15-16, 22-24
They said to Joshua, "Truly the LORD has given all the land into our hands; moreover all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before us."
—Joshua 2:24
GOD PROTECTS
2. Then the king of Jericho sent orders to Rahab, 3. "Bring out the men who have come to you, who entered your house, for they have come only to search out the whole land." 4. But the woman took the two men and hid them. Then she said, "True, the men came to me, but I did not know where they came from. 5. And when it was time to close the gate at dark, the men went out. Where the men went I do not know. Pursue them quickly, for you can overtake them." 6. She had, however, brought them up to the roof and hidden them with the stalks of flax that she had laid out on the roof. 7. So the men pursued them on the way to the Jordan as far as the fords. As soon as the pursuers had gone out, the gate was shut.
8. Before they went to sleep, she came up to them on the roof 9. and said to the men: "I know that the LORD has given you the land, and that dread of you has fallen on us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before you. . .."
15. Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was on the outer side of the city wall and she resided within the wall itself. 16. She said to them, "Go toward the hill country, so that the pursuers may not come upon you. Hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers have returned; then afterward you may go your way."
22. They departed and went into the hill country and stayed there for three days, until the pursuers returned. The pursuers had searched all along the way and found nothing. 23. Then the two men came down again from the hill country. They crossed over, came to Joshua son of Nun, and told him all that had happened to them. 24. They said to Joshua, "Truly the LORD has given all the land into our hands; moreover all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before us."
Scarlet is a word that carries certain connotations. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's famous novel, the scarlet letter identifies Hester Prynne as an adulterous woman, having borne a child out of wedlock. In the book of Revelation, the color scarlet is tied closely to other negative associations. The Beast is scarlet, and the woman who represents Babylon wears scarlet and purple. Finally, scarlet is referred to along with the riches of the corrupt world.
On the other hand, the lambs' blood smeared on doorposts during the Passover in Egypt is scarlet. The robe Jesus wears after his scourging is scarlet. This color, associated with worldliness and sin, is also associated with salvation of the people. The scarlet cord hanging from Rahab's window may well identify the home of a prostitute, but it is singled out for salvation, not judgment. Rahab makes herself and her household conspicuous for the sake of salvation. The cord that Rahab hangs from her window signifies her trust in God's protection, just as her words recognize God's power and authority.
The name Rahab means to "open up." Rahab "opens up" the land of Jericho for the men; or better said, God opens up the land of Jericho through Rahab the prostitute. Rahab uses her profession as an alibi against any charge of harboring spies. Rahab lies about the men's whereabouts, and it is believable to the king that the spies would visit and then leave. Rahab sends the "pursuers" off track; they leave as it gets dark. Then the gate to the city is shut.
With the gate shut, the spies are in a vulnerable position with Rahab: They cannot escape from the city apart from Rahab's mercy. She could hand them over and be a hero in Jericho. But Rahab sees reality differently. In parts of the story left out from our reading, the men and Rahab make negotiations to spare Rahab's life. "Our life for yours," declare the men in v. 14. There is no indication that Rahab converts to the religion of the men. However, Rahab shares the spies’ respect for the Lord as you can tell from the mutual words of testimony. The Lord is powerful and in control.
This encounter between the men and Rahab is significant because it shows that God keeps promises and that God's protection accompanies those promises. It also shows again that God uses small and insignificant things to accomplish His promises. Rahab is poor in her society, but she takes the opportunity to save herself and her family when she sees that God is powerful and will make Israel victorious. It is possible that Rahab is a cultic prostitute. She possibly uses her prostitution in celebration of the fertility religion so ingrained in the culture of the time. Without crops or offspring, the people perish; fertility is life. In this encounter between Rahab and the spies, Rahab acknowledges a larger God that is Lord above the necessities of life.
The spies found an unlikely messenger in Rahab, a prostitute living on the edge of the city. Joshua sent the spies to view the land, but they hardly get into the walls of Jericho when word spreads that they are there. Rahab risks everything to protect them. The spies don't complete their task; their mission of espionage has failed, except for one thing. When they return to Joshua, they pass along Rahab's prophecy that the Lord has given the land into their hands. Joshua could have questioned the source, but instead he heard Rahab's words for what they were: a message from God, confirmation of God's call to Joshua and the people to go; the land will be given over to them.
It is easy for us to stereotype others, to expect certain things of them because of the way they act, the way they look, the color of their skin, their clothing, their profession, and so on. Unfortunately, it has affected the way Christians have responded to people who are, in some way, "different." A look around most of our churches reveals a major lack of diversity. We tend to offer the warmest welcome to those who are most like us. Even when we extend welcome to others, we tend to expect that they will participate in certain ways in the life of the Church.
Our expectations point to underlying expectations of who God is, how God works in the world, and who God calls to various ministries. No one would have expected Rahab to play the role that she did. No one would have expected God to speak through her to Joshua. But that's exactly what happened. God's activity in the world cannot be contained by our narrow expectations. God's calling of leaders goes far beyond the "usual suspects." As Christians gathered in community, we must seek and welcome all of God's children. We must expect that God will break down our expectations. Just as Rahab opened the word of God to the Israelites, we must expect that God will speak in truly unexpected ways. We might even find that the words that affect us the most come from those we least expect.
Rahab was a prostitute. The text makes no apologies for this. Rahab's name itself is a vivid reminder of her profession. We have some embarrassment over the means that God uses in accomplishing His purpose. But Rahab appears in this story for a reason. She represents those people in society who have no options, the ones who never catch a break. The way the world usually works is that those who have the most get the opportunity to gain more. People like Rahab are not protected. Protection is still important to us. A few years ago, the book The Prayer of Jabez sold like hotcakes. "Oh Lord, that you would expand my wealth...." That is often the way our prayers go, too.
In this story, Rahab gets the opportunity to gain protection for herself. In her place in society, she is not used to protection. She is more likely used to danger. Perhaps we are less likely to be grateful when we feel safe than shocked and angry when something bad happens. Bad things happen all the time. It is not a matter of if bad things happen to people, but when. The place where Christianity is growing the fastest is Africa, where people face the most danger from persecution, disease, dangerous nature, and corrupt governments. Christians in Africa are the least secure and most vulnerable, but by some measure the most faithful.
The men find it strange and out of the ordinary that they survived the ordeal. Their response, "Truly the LORD has given .. . " They respond with worship. Often, we are too quick to blame God and slow to be grateful when things go well.
Part of our shock at Rahab's profession and place in this story is a symptom of a greater problem; we do not do enough to protect and care for people like Rahab. There are people all around us who need advocacy. We are God's hands in this world. God's help and salvation comes from strange and out-of-the-ordinary places, and it is helpful for us to see Rahab as the instrument of mercy, so that we can recognize our own vulnerability and help those who are even more vulnerable. God is the God of mercy and compassion; Jesus Christ puts us all in the same standing before God. We are to look out for each other because Jesus first looked out for us.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Was Rahab's occupation a significant piece of this story? Why or why not?
How would you characterize Rahab in this story? What about the spies? Joshua?
How can you see God's protection at work throughout this story?
PRAYER
Almighty God, your care for us surpasses what we can even imagine. Help us to see more clearly the ways that you protect us in our lives. Challenge us to recognize the ways in which we are called to help secure protection for others, especially the most vulnerable who need your protection the most. Give us the strength and courage to trust in you, and help us to step forth in faith, as Rahab did. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Joshua 2:3-9, 15-16, 22-24
They said to Joshua, "Truly the LORD has given all the land into our hands; moreover all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before us."
—Joshua 2:24
GOD PROTECTS
2. Then the king of Jericho sent orders to Rahab, 3. "Bring out the men who have come to you, who entered your house, for they have come only to search out the whole land." 4. But the woman took the two men and hid them. Then she said, "True, the men came to me, but I did not know where they came from. 5. And when it was time to close the gate at dark, the men went out. Where the men went I do not know. Pursue them quickly, for you can overtake them." 6. She had, however, brought them up to the roof and hidden them with the stalks of flax that she had laid out on the roof. 7. So the men pursued them on the way to the Jordan as far as the fords. As soon as the pursuers had gone out, the gate was shut.
8. Before they went to sleep, she came up to them on the roof 9. and said to the men: "I know that the LORD has given you the land, and that dread of you has fallen on us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before you. . .."
15. Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was on the outer side of the city wall and she resided within the wall itself. 16. She said to them, "Go toward the hill country, so that the pursuers may not come upon you. Hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers have returned; then afterward you may go your way."
22. They departed and went into the hill country and stayed there for three days, until the pursuers returned. The pursuers had searched all along the way and found nothing. 23. Then the two men came down again from the hill country. They crossed over, came to Joshua son of Nun, and told him all that had happened to them. 24. They said to Joshua, "Truly the LORD has given all the land into our hands; moreover all the inhabitants of the land melt in fear before us."
Scarlet is a word that carries certain connotations. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's famous novel, the scarlet letter identifies Hester Prynne as an adulterous woman, having borne a child out of wedlock. In the book of Revelation, the color scarlet is tied closely to other negative associations. The Beast is scarlet, and the woman who represents Babylon wears scarlet and purple. Finally, scarlet is referred to along with the riches of the corrupt world.
On the other hand, the lambs' blood smeared on doorposts during the Passover in Egypt is scarlet. The robe Jesus wears after his scourging is scarlet. This color, associated with worldliness and sin, is also associated with salvation of the people. The scarlet cord hanging from Rahab's window may well identify the home of a prostitute, but it is singled out for salvation, not judgment. Rahab makes herself and her household conspicuous for the sake of salvation. The cord that Rahab hangs from her window signifies her trust in God's protection, just as her words recognize God's power and authority.
The name Rahab means to "open up." Rahab "opens up" the land of Jericho for the men; or better said, God opens up the land of Jericho through Rahab the prostitute. Rahab uses her profession as an alibi against any charge of harboring spies. Rahab lies about the men's whereabouts, and it is believable to the king that the spies would visit and then leave. Rahab sends the "pursuers" off track; they leave as it gets dark. Then the gate to the city is shut.
With the gate shut, the spies are in a vulnerable position with Rahab: They cannot escape from the city apart from Rahab's mercy. She could hand them over and be a hero in Jericho. But Rahab sees reality differently. In parts of the story left out from our reading, the men and Rahab make negotiations to spare Rahab's life. "Our life for yours," declare the men in v. 14. There is no indication that Rahab converts to the religion of the men. However, Rahab shares the spies’ respect for the Lord as you can tell from the mutual words of testimony. The Lord is powerful and in control.
This encounter between the men and Rahab is significant because it shows that God keeps promises and that God's protection accompanies those promises. It also shows again that God uses small and insignificant things to accomplish His promises. Rahab is poor in her society, but she takes the opportunity to save herself and her family when she sees that God is powerful and will make Israel victorious. It is possible that Rahab is a cultic prostitute. She possibly uses her prostitution in celebration of the fertility religion so ingrained in the culture of the time. Without crops or offspring, the people perish; fertility is life. In this encounter between Rahab and the spies, Rahab acknowledges a larger God that is Lord above the necessities of life.
The spies found an unlikely messenger in Rahab, a prostitute living on the edge of the city. Joshua sent the spies to view the land, but they hardly get into the walls of Jericho when word spreads that they are there. Rahab risks everything to protect them. The spies don't complete their task; their mission of espionage has failed, except for one thing. When they return to Joshua, they pass along Rahab's prophecy that the Lord has given the land into their hands. Joshua could have questioned the source, but instead he heard Rahab's words for what they were: a message from God, confirmation of God's call to Joshua and the people to go; the land will be given over to them.
It is easy for us to stereotype others, to expect certain things of them because of the way they act, the way they look, the color of their skin, their clothing, their profession, and so on. Unfortunately, it has affected the way Christians have responded to people who are, in some way, "different." A look around most of our churches reveals a major lack of diversity. We tend to offer the warmest welcome to those who are most like us. Even when we extend welcome to others, we tend to expect that they will participate in certain ways in the life of the Church.
Our expectations point to underlying expectations of who God is, how God works in the world, and who God calls to various ministries. No one would have expected Rahab to play the role that she did. No one would have expected God to speak through her to Joshua. But that's exactly what happened. God's activity in the world cannot be contained by our narrow expectations. God's calling of leaders goes far beyond the "usual suspects." As Christians gathered in community, we must seek and welcome all of God's children. We must expect that God will break down our expectations. Just as Rahab opened the word of God to the Israelites, we must expect that God will speak in truly unexpected ways. We might even find that the words that affect us the most come from those we least expect.
Rahab was a prostitute. The text makes no apologies for this. Rahab's name itself is a vivid reminder of her profession. We have some embarrassment over the means that God uses in accomplishing His purpose. But Rahab appears in this story for a reason. She represents those people in society who have no options, the ones who never catch a break. The way the world usually works is that those who have the most get the opportunity to gain more. People like Rahab are not protected. Protection is still important to us. A few years ago, the book The Prayer of Jabez sold like hotcakes. "Oh Lord, that you would expand my wealth...." That is often the way our prayers go, too.
In this story, Rahab gets the opportunity to gain protection for herself. In her place in society, she is not used to protection. She is more likely used to danger. Perhaps we are less likely to be grateful when we feel safe than shocked and angry when something bad happens. Bad things happen all the time. It is not a matter of if bad things happen to people, but when. The place where Christianity is growing the fastest is Africa, where people face the most danger from persecution, disease, dangerous nature, and corrupt governments. Christians in Africa are the least secure and most vulnerable, but by some measure the most faithful.
The men find it strange and out of the ordinary that they survived the ordeal. Their response, "Truly the LORD has given .. . " They respond with worship. Often, we are too quick to blame God and slow to be grateful when things go well.
Part of our shock at Rahab's profession and place in this story is a symptom of a greater problem; we do not do enough to protect and care for people like Rahab. There are people all around us who need advocacy. We are God's hands in this world. God's help and salvation comes from strange and out-of-the-ordinary places, and it is helpful for us to see Rahab as the instrument of mercy, so that we can recognize our own vulnerability and help those who are even more vulnerable. God is the God of mercy and compassion; Jesus Christ puts us all in the same standing before God. We are to look out for each other because Jesus first looked out for us.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Was Rahab's occupation a significant piece of this story? Why or why not?
How would you characterize Rahab in this story? What about the spies? Joshua?
How can you see God's protection at work throughout this story?
PRAYER
Almighty God, your care for us surpasses what we can even imagine. Help us to see more clearly the ways that you protect us in our lives. Challenge us to recognize the ways in which we are called to help secure protection for others, especially the most vulnerable who need your protection the most. Give us the strength and courage to trust in you, and help us to step forth in faith, as Rahab did. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Monday, November 28, 2011
Scripture:
Joshua 1:7-16
"Be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to-the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go."—Joshua 1:7
GOD HAS EXPECTATIONS
1: 7 "Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go. 8 This 'book of the law shall' not depart out of your mouth; you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to act in accordance with all that is written in it. For then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall be successful. 9 I hereby command you: Be strong and courageous; do not be frightened or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go."
10 Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people,
11 "Pass through the camp, and command the people: 'Prepare your provisions; for in three days you are to cross over the Jordan, to go in to take possession of the land that the Lord your God gives you to possess.'"
12 To the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh Joshua said, 13 "Remember the word that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, 'The LORD your God is providing you a place of rest, and will give you this land.' 14 Your wives, your little ones, and your livestock shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan. But all the warriors among you shall cross over armed before your kindred and shall help them, 15 until the LORD gives rest to your kindred as well as to you, and they too take possession of the land that the LORD your God is giving them. Then you shall return to your own land and take possession of it, the land that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan to the east."
16 They answered Joshua: "All that you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go."
Many people think that a spiritual life is a contemplative one. After all, we are called to meditate on Scripture and abide in God. God gives us peace and rest. Sometimes we forget that God also calls us to action, right here and now. It isn't enough to contemplate the Word of God; we also must discern how God's Word commands us to move and act in the world. It isn't enough to rest in God; we are also called to stir things up from time to time.
Most of us can recall famous paintings of Jesus. There are some in which Jesus, the Good Shepherd, is holding a lamb. In others, he is eating with his disciples, sitting and talking. In others, children surround him. And in many pictures, Jesus is doing absolutely nothing at all. Perhaps the most famous of these is Head of Christ, a painting by Warner Sallman that has been reproduced over 500 million times. These images all inform our understanding of God, and one thing many of them have in common is a lack of activity. However, throughout his life, Jesus was out doing things--healing people, teaching people, walking, talking, and moving with purpose. If we think of Jesus as a still, quiet, contemplative sage, we are missing the point. Jesus was active. He shook things up.
In response to God's provision for Joshua and providence over the people, Joshua is supposed to take action. Previously, we read that God would give the land as Joshua and the people took "steps." In life, we learn that we need to trust God and never forget that we are to move.
THE BIBLE SAYS ...
God calls for active response from Joshua and the people that he will lead. This Scripture is the second half of a speech from God to Joshua. In the first part (1:1-5), God assured Joshua of God's presence with him. In this second part, God tells Joshua what behaviors are expected of him as a leader. These are imperatives and words of urgency; now is the time to act.
A window of opportunity has opened for Joshua. God says, "For you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them." Twice in this speech, God says to Joshua, "be strong and courageous"; the second time with an emphatic "very courageous." Joshua cannot be an indecisive leader. He must believe that the Lord is with him, no matter the obstacles. There is always a temptation to waver when times are tough, so God wants Joshua grounded in confidence.
God wants Joshua to remember Moses' instruction—to "act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you." Joshua's understanding of the law is formed by the speeches that Moses gave while the Israelites were in the wilderness (Deut. 5:1, 32-33; 17:11, 19-20). The law is a gift from God mediated through Moses.
God tells Joshua to "meditate on (the book of the law) day and night," that it "shall not depart out of your mouth." Joshua is to keep this instruction on his tongue, ready to show God that he will never forget. Joshua will take great pains to follow this teaching; it will form him and determine his action.
Joshua is to be focused squarely on the law, not turning "from it to the right hand or to the left." Joshua's leadership is a gift from God to the people of Israel. If Joshua stays on a straight path focused on God, Israel will benefit. The law of God brings good for people; Israel's leaders were to bring this kind of peace to the nation. Joshua would lead the people in recognizing God as the ultimate authority. He would lead, the people not as a ruthless king, but as a servant under the law of the Lord.
Many of us do not like to move. Perhaps we have moved many times because of our jobs and are tired of it. Others may have lived in one place a long time and are comfortable there. Moving is a lot of work and it makes us get out of our comfort zone. God gives Joshua marching orders, as God had done before. Moving requires energy, strength, and courage, and that is exactly what God's charge to Joshua recognizes. It's hard to keep moving, especially when you want a place to call home. Even in this move into Canaan, into the place that the wandering Israelites will finally call home, there is anxiety and fear of the unknown. Whether we are wanderers like the Israelites or have lived in the same place our whole lives, we still face anxieties. We still face journeys into unknown territory. It can be unsettling, until we realize that God's call for us to be settled is not geographic, but spiritual.
In the wilderness, the Israelites were called to settle in the presence of the Lord, made visible in a cloud of smoke by day and a pillar of fire by night. They were sustained by God's presence through the manna God provided. Now, as they enter into the land that would become their home, settlement was not to be defined by where they planted crops and built homes, but by abiding in the presence of the Lord. Under Joshua's leadership, the Israelites are called to meditate on the law, and to live lives centered on the Word of God.
God's call is often disruptive. God may call us to pack up everything and move to a new place, or to make bold changes in our lives, in our churches, in our mission or worship. Change of any kind can.be scary, but God still charges us to respond with courage and strength. We can find that courage and strength only by abiding in the promises and presence of God.
God provides opportunities for us in the midst of whatever circumstances we find ourselves. God promises Joshua that he will be successful, but God's definition of success is faithfulness and justice, not fulfilling our selfish ambitions. Joshua has been given the opportunity to be the leader of Israel after the death 'of Moses, but there is a catch. To be a faithful leader, Joshua must stay on track, not departing to the left or to the right. This takes meditating on the law, which according to John Calvin is God's gifts of a "tutor" and a "mirror." Joshua is to keep God's law on his tongue, not letting it depart from his mouth. Joshua must attend to God's wisdom. He is to carry himself with a strong and courageous demeanor. God calls us to depend on God's wisdom. Joshua is a good example of someone who acted with obedience immediately. He did not miss the window of opportunity.
God has given us many promises and mandates. It's much easier to list the promises that make us feel good than to list the mandates that demand something of us. Make two columns and try listing both.
We can all follow Joshua's lead and meditate on the word, keeping it in our mouths. It is hard work, but the fulfillment of God's promise is certain if we will open the windows of opportunity before us.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
What are some ways that God calls us to action today? What are our windows of opportunity?
How do we look to Scripture to help guide our steps?
In what ways can God's call to action be unsettling?
PRAYER
Moving, breathing Spirit, we praise you for your action in the world. We praise you for your acts of creation, for filling the void with your life-giving breath. We praise you for the incarnation, through which you emptied yourself to become human, to take on hands and feet, and to show us through the example of Jesus Christ what it means to follow you actively and obediently. Give us your strength and courage as we seek to follow you, wherever you call us to go. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Joshua 1:7-16
"Be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to-the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go."—Joshua 1:7
GOD HAS EXPECTATIONS
1: 7 "Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go. 8 This 'book of the law shall' not depart out of your mouth; you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to act in accordance with all that is written in it. For then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall be successful. 9 I hereby command you: Be strong and courageous; do not be frightened or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go."
10 Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people,
11 "Pass through the camp, and command the people: 'Prepare your provisions; for in three days you are to cross over the Jordan, to go in to take possession of the land that the Lord your God gives you to possess.'"
12 To the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh Joshua said, 13 "Remember the word that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, 'The LORD your God is providing you a place of rest, and will give you this land.' 14 Your wives, your little ones, and your livestock shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan. But all the warriors among you shall cross over armed before your kindred and shall help them, 15 until the LORD gives rest to your kindred as well as to you, and they too take possession of the land that the LORD your God is giving them. Then you shall return to your own land and take possession of it, the land that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan to the east."
16 They answered Joshua: "All that you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go."
Many people think that a spiritual life is a contemplative one. After all, we are called to meditate on Scripture and abide in God. God gives us peace and rest. Sometimes we forget that God also calls us to action, right here and now. It isn't enough to contemplate the Word of God; we also must discern how God's Word commands us to move and act in the world. It isn't enough to rest in God; we are also called to stir things up from time to time.
Most of us can recall famous paintings of Jesus. There are some in which Jesus, the Good Shepherd, is holding a lamb. In others, he is eating with his disciples, sitting and talking. In others, children surround him. And in many pictures, Jesus is doing absolutely nothing at all. Perhaps the most famous of these is Head of Christ, a painting by Warner Sallman that has been reproduced over 500 million times. These images all inform our understanding of God, and one thing many of them have in common is a lack of activity. However, throughout his life, Jesus was out doing things--healing people, teaching people, walking, talking, and moving with purpose. If we think of Jesus as a still, quiet, contemplative sage, we are missing the point. Jesus was active. He shook things up.
In response to God's provision for Joshua and providence over the people, Joshua is supposed to take action. Previously, we read that God would give the land as Joshua and the people took "steps." In life, we learn that we need to trust God and never forget that we are to move.
THE BIBLE SAYS ...
God calls for active response from Joshua and the people that he will lead. This Scripture is the second half of a speech from God to Joshua. In the first part (1:1-5), God assured Joshua of God's presence with him. In this second part, God tells Joshua what behaviors are expected of him as a leader. These are imperatives and words of urgency; now is the time to act.
A window of opportunity has opened for Joshua. God says, "For you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them." Twice in this speech, God says to Joshua, "be strong and courageous"; the second time with an emphatic "very courageous." Joshua cannot be an indecisive leader. He must believe that the Lord is with him, no matter the obstacles. There is always a temptation to waver when times are tough, so God wants Joshua grounded in confidence.
God wants Joshua to remember Moses' instruction—to "act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you." Joshua's understanding of the law is formed by the speeches that Moses gave while the Israelites were in the wilderness (Deut. 5:1, 32-33; 17:11, 19-20). The law is a gift from God mediated through Moses.
God tells Joshua to "meditate on (the book of the law) day and night," that it "shall not depart out of your mouth." Joshua is to keep this instruction on his tongue, ready to show God that he will never forget. Joshua will take great pains to follow this teaching; it will form him and determine his action.
Joshua is to be focused squarely on the law, not turning "from it to the right hand or to the left." Joshua's leadership is a gift from God to the people of Israel. If Joshua stays on a straight path focused on God, Israel will benefit. The law of God brings good for people; Israel's leaders were to bring this kind of peace to the nation. Joshua would lead the people in recognizing God as the ultimate authority. He would lead, the people not as a ruthless king, but as a servant under the law of the Lord.
Many of us do not like to move. Perhaps we have moved many times because of our jobs and are tired of it. Others may have lived in one place a long time and are comfortable there. Moving is a lot of work and it makes us get out of our comfort zone. God gives Joshua marching orders, as God had done before. Moving requires energy, strength, and courage, and that is exactly what God's charge to Joshua recognizes. It's hard to keep moving, especially when you want a place to call home. Even in this move into Canaan, into the place that the wandering Israelites will finally call home, there is anxiety and fear of the unknown. Whether we are wanderers like the Israelites or have lived in the same place our whole lives, we still face anxieties. We still face journeys into unknown territory. It can be unsettling, until we realize that God's call for us to be settled is not geographic, but spiritual.
In the wilderness, the Israelites were called to settle in the presence of the Lord, made visible in a cloud of smoke by day and a pillar of fire by night. They were sustained by God's presence through the manna God provided. Now, as they enter into the land that would become their home, settlement was not to be defined by where they planted crops and built homes, but by abiding in the presence of the Lord. Under Joshua's leadership, the Israelites are called to meditate on the law, and to live lives centered on the Word of God.
God's call is often disruptive. God may call us to pack up everything and move to a new place, or to make bold changes in our lives, in our churches, in our mission or worship. Change of any kind can.be scary, but God still charges us to respond with courage and strength. We can find that courage and strength only by abiding in the promises and presence of God.
God provides opportunities for us in the midst of whatever circumstances we find ourselves. God promises Joshua that he will be successful, but God's definition of success is faithfulness and justice, not fulfilling our selfish ambitions. Joshua has been given the opportunity to be the leader of Israel after the death 'of Moses, but there is a catch. To be a faithful leader, Joshua must stay on track, not departing to the left or to the right. This takes meditating on the law, which according to John Calvin is God's gifts of a "tutor" and a "mirror." Joshua is to keep God's law on his tongue, not letting it depart from his mouth. Joshua must attend to God's wisdom. He is to carry himself with a strong and courageous demeanor. God calls us to depend on God's wisdom. Joshua is a good example of someone who acted with obedience immediately. He did not miss the window of opportunity.
God has given us many promises and mandates. It's much easier to list the promises that make us feel good than to list the mandates that demand something of us. Make two columns and try listing both.
We can all follow Joshua's lead and meditate on the word, keeping it in our mouths. It is hard work, but the fulfillment of God's promise is certain if we will open the windows of opportunity before us.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
What are some ways that God calls us to action today? What are our windows of opportunity?
How do we look to Scripture to help guide our steps?
In what ways can God's call to action be unsettling?
PRAYER
Moving, breathing Spirit, we praise you for your action in the world. We praise you for your acts of creation, for filling the void with your life-giving breath. We praise you for the incarnation, through which you emptied yourself to become human, to take on hands and feet, and to show us through the example of Jesus Christ what it means to follow you actively and obediently. Give us your strength and courage as we seek to follow you, wherever you call us to go. Amen.
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Scripture:
Joshua 1:1b-.6; 11:16-19, 21-23
“As the LORD had commanded his servant Moses, so Moses commanded Joshua, and so Joshua did; he left nothing undone of all that the LORD had commanded Moses”. —Joshua 11:15
GOD’S PROMISES FULLFILLED
“After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' assistant, saying, "My servant Moses is dead. Now proceed to cross the Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to them, to the Israelites. Every place that the sole of your foot will tread upon I have given to you, as I promised to Moses. From the wilderness and the Lebanon as far as the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, to the Great Sea in the west shall be your territory. No one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you, or forsake you. Be strong and courageous; for you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them.
So Joshua took all that land: the hill country and all the Negeb and all the land of Goshen and the lowland and the Arabah and the hill country of Israel and its lowland, from Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir, as far as Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon below Mount Hermon. He took all their kings, struck them down, and put them to death. Joshua made war a long time with all those kings. There was not a town that made peace with the Israelites, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon; all were taken in battle....
At that time Joshua came and wiped out the Anakim from the hill country, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the hill country of Judah, and from all the hill country of Israel; Joshua utterly destroyed them with their towns. None of the Anakim was left in of the Israelites; some remained only in Gaza, in in Ashdod. So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken to Moses; and Joshua gave an inheritance to Israel according to their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war.”
Even after the Israelites had land of their own, several threats remained. The Israelites were a tribal people who gathered occasionally to retell the story of God's deliverance of them from slavery. Always they wanted to remind themselves that God had been faithful to them. If you listen to the words of Joshua, you will hear a testimony to God’s faithfulness. God had promised the Israelites land, and land meant security. Several things in this scripture passage remind the gathered community that God is faithful and fulfills the promises. These stories, repeated throughout the generations, serve as reminders that God is trustworthy and always in control
Hearing the stories of their ancestors, hearing the promises that had been given and fulfilled, reminded the Israelites that God would provide for them and would not forget them. These were stories of triumph and stories of encouragement. When things got tough for the people of Israel, they could look back on these stories and be reminded of who they were and who God was—a loving provider and promise keeper.
God affirms Joshua as the one chosen to lead the beloved people into the land promised to Moses. The text begins: "After the death of Moses." There are other times in Scripture where we read similar words of transition: (Judg. 1:1, 2 Sam. 1:1). Times of transition are difficult; it would be easy for confidence in the Lord to falter. God wants to build up trust within the Israelite people. Naturally, the Israelites would be anxious after the death of Moses. God reminds Joshua that he has some big sandals to fill.
We have all known people like Joshua who have had to step up their performance when a strong leader has moved on. Joshua may have some anxiety about the weight of this responsibility, but God initiates this conversation. God's affirmation of Joshua shows how mighty and in control God is. Joshua's name means "God saves." No matter what mighty things Joshua does, God is the source of the power. Joshua's name reminds everyone that God is in control and will provide.
God has blessed Joshua's foot to "tread" and receive the land. The people cannot receive the gift that God has given them without Joshua's leadership. The weight of this leadership opportunity is bearable because God carries it. God promises to be present with Joshua: "As I was with Moses, so I will be with you." In fact, the actions required of Joshua and the people are small compared to the actions of God. The people may take steps, but God promises:
“the land shall be your territory;
no one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life;
I will never fail you or forsake you;
you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors.”
All of these promises of God make the human action seem superfluous, like the people are about to go on a cakewalk into the land. Perhaps the words of the Lord are stated this way because of how quickly the people forget God. We always face the temptations of pride and boasting. Now the people can follow the leader named "God saves" and remember that God's promise is their lifeline. God's strength is all the more evident in weakness.
For us humans, even with the best of intentions, broken promise are unavoidable. We learn that lesson at one point or another in life. God's promises to us are quite different. In the history of God's relationship with humanity, humanity always breaks its promises. God's word is beyond reproach.
Even so, the Lord recognizes our need for a promise, for more than "trust me." God's covenant with Abram was repeated several times, often in dramatic ways. Gen. 15 tells of one of the particularly dramatic instances of God’s promises to Abram. When "cutting a covenant," two parties would walk between carcasses that were cut in half, essentially saving to each other, "Let this be done to either of us if we break this covenant." God tells Abram to prepare the animal carcasses. That night, God appeared as a flaming torch and passed between the animals, saying, "To your descendants I give this land..." Abram was not asked to pass through the animals; the full burden of this covenant was borne by the Lord. This was God's ”I promise. Cross my heart and hope to die."
The band of travelers that entered the land with Joshua had heard stories of God's promise. The stories had been passed from generation to generation. Perhaps they questioned whether the promise had ever been made, if it was still good, or if God ever intended to keep it. Here and now, they were experiencing the fulfillment of God’s promise. They knew God is faithful, even when the people are not. Now, thousands of years later, we tell these stories to teach our children and to understand for ourselves that God is faithful, even when we are not. We never have to ask God; "Cross your heart and hope to die?"
A common experience for many people today is feeling stuck, unable to make move. In the years since the recession, many people have not been able to find fulfilling or sustainable work. Through our faith, we expect God to take care of us in all times. At times, it may seem that the odds are against us. This strikes fear in our hearts.
At the beginning of the book of Joshua, the people of Israel are camped in the land of Moab at a spot called Shittim, where they have been for months, seven miles east of the Jordan River. It feels like limbo. This is not a good place to live. God has promised to take care of them and give them a land, but it does not appear that God is keeping that promise. The enemies they face mean nothing to us but were more than enough to strike fear in their hearts: Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites. The enemy had chariots and superior weaponry. Israel had foot soldiers and their leader Moses had died.
Have you ever felt fear? Have you ever been overwhelmed with the enormity of what lies ahead? Many things that people face on a daily basis strike fear in our hearts. We want assurance from God in those times. God was ready to do a new thing with Joshua as leader; the Israelites could not let fear stand in the way. The tribes of Israel needed these teachings, so that they might trust God rather than fear their enemy. In reality, their biggest obstacle was fear. Threats were daunting, but God always delivers. God gives life to dry bones, as Ezekiel's story teaches. God is the God of resurrection. God is what makes the difference against all odds. These words can build us up today and remind us that God keeps God's promises against all odds.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
What are some of God's promises to us today? How do we see them fulfilled?
How do you think you would have felt if you had been with the people of Isreal, on the verge of entering the land?
Are there times when it feels like God doesn't keep promises? What do we make of those times? Does it change our understanding of who God is?
PRAYER
Our Father, we ask you to instruct us as we study, read, and meditate. Change our lives and thinking so that we might become, through faith, all you want us to be. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Joshua 1:1b-.6; 11:16-19, 21-23
“As the LORD had commanded his servant Moses, so Moses commanded Joshua, and so Joshua did; he left nothing undone of all that the LORD had commanded Moses”. —Joshua 11:15
GOD’S PROMISES FULLFILLED
“After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' assistant, saying, "My servant Moses is dead. Now proceed to cross the Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to them, to the Israelites. Every place that the sole of your foot will tread upon I have given to you, as I promised to Moses. From the wilderness and the Lebanon as far as the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, to the Great Sea in the west shall be your territory. No one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you, or forsake you. Be strong and courageous; for you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them.
So Joshua took all that land: the hill country and all the Negeb and all the land of Goshen and the lowland and the Arabah and the hill country of Israel and its lowland, from Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir, as far as Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon below Mount Hermon. He took all their kings, struck them down, and put them to death. Joshua made war a long time with all those kings. There was not a town that made peace with the Israelites, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon; all were taken in battle....
At that time Joshua came and wiped out the Anakim from the hill country, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the hill country of Judah, and from all the hill country of Israel; Joshua utterly destroyed them with their towns. None of the Anakim was left in of the Israelites; some remained only in Gaza, in in Ashdod. So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken to Moses; and Joshua gave an inheritance to Israel according to their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war.”
Even after the Israelites had land of their own, several threats remained. The Israelites were a tribal people who gathered occasionally to retell the story of God's deliverance of them from slavery. Always they wanted to remind themselves that God had been faithful to them. If you listen to the words of Joshua, you will hear a testimony to God’s faithfulness. God had promised the Israelites land, and land meant security. Several things in this scripture passage remind the gathered community that God is faithful and fulfills the promises. These stories, repeated throughout the generations, serve as reminders that God is trustworthy and always in control
Hearing the stories of their ancestors, hearing the promises that had been given and fulfilled, reminded the Israelites that God would provide for them and would not forget them. These were stories of triumph and stories of encouragement. When things got tough for the people of Israel, they could look back on these stories and be reminded of who they were and who God was—a loving provider and promise keeper.
God affirms Joshua as the one chosen to lead the beloved people into the land promised to Moses. The text begins: "After the death of Moses." There are other times in Scripture where we read similar words of transition: (Judg. 1:1, 2 Sam. 1:1). Times of transition are difficult; it would be easy for confidence in the Lord to falter. God wants to build up trust within the Israelite people. Naturally, the Israelites would be anxious after the death of Moses. God reminds Joshua that he has some big sandals to fill.
We have all known people like Joshua who have had to step up their performance when a strong leader has moved on. Joshua may have some anxiety about the weight of this responsibility, but God initiates this conversation. God's affirmation of Joshua shows how mighty and in control God is. Joshua's name means "God saves." No matter what mighty things Joshua does, God is the source of the power. Joshua's name reminds everyone that God is in control and will provide.
God has blessed Joshua's foot to "tread" and receive the land. The people cannot receive the gift that God has given them without Joshua's leadership. The weight of this leadership opportunity is bearable because God carries it. God promises to be present with Joshua: "As I was with Moses, so I will be with you." In fact, the actions required of Joshua and the people are small compared to the actions of God. The people may take steps, but God promises:
“the land shall be your territory;
no one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life;
I will never fail you or forsake you;
you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors.”
All of these promises of God make the human action seem superfluous, like the people are about to go on a cakewalk into the land. Perhaps the words of the Lord are stated this way because of how quickly the people forget God. We always face the temptations of pride and boasting. Now the people can follow the leader named "God saves" and remember that God's promise is their lifeline. God's strength is all the more evident in weakness.
For us humans, even with the best of intentions, broken promise are unavoidable. We learn that lesson at one point or another in life. God's promises to us are quite different. In the history of God's relationship with humanity, humanity always breaks its promises. God's word is beyond reproach.
Even so, the Lord recognizes our need for a promise, for more than "trust me." God's covenant with Abram was repeated several times, often in dramatic ways. Gen. 15 tells of one of the particularly dramatic instances of God’s promises to Abram. When "cutting a covenant," two parties would walk between carcasses that were cut in half, essentially saving to each other, "Let this be done to either of us if we break this covenant." God tells Abram to prepare the animal carcasses. That night, God appeared as a flaming torch and passed between the animals, saying, "To your descendants I give this land..." Abram was not asked to pass through the animals; the full burden of this covenant was borne by the Lord. This was God's ”I promise. Cross my heart and hope to die."
The band of travelers that entered the land with Joshua had heard stories of God's promise. The stories had been passed from generation to generation. Perhaps they questioned whether the promise had ever been made, if it was still good, or if God ever intended to keep it. Here and now, they were experiencing the fulfillment of God’s promise. They knew God is faithful, even when the people are not. Now, thousands of years later, we tell these stories to teach our children and to understand for ourselves that God is faithful, even when we are not. We never have to ask God; "Cross your heart and hope to die?"
A common experience for many people today is feeling stuck, unable to make move. In the years since the recession, many people have not been able to find fulfilling or sustainable work. Through our faith, we expect God to take care of us in all times. At times, it may seem that the odds are against us. This strikes fear in our hearts.
At the beginning of the book of Joshua, the people of Israel are camped in the land of Moab at a spot called Shittim, where they have been for months, seven miles east of the Jordan River. It feels like limbo. This is not a good place to live. God has promised to take care of them and give them a land, but it does not appear that God is keeping that promise. The enemies they face mean nothing to us but were more than enough to strike fear in their hearts: Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites. The enemy had chariots and superior weaponry. Israel had foot soldiers and their leader Moses had died.
Have you ever felt fear? Have you ever been overwhelmed with the enormity of what lies ahead? Many things that people face on a daily basis strike fear in our hearts. We want assurance from God in those times. God was ready to do a new thing with Joshua as leader; the Israelites could not let fear stand in the way. The tribes of Israel needed these teachings, so that they might trust God rather than fear their enemy. In reality, their biggest obstacle was fear. Threats were daunting, but God always delivers. God gives life to dry bones, as Ezekiel's story teaches. God is the God of resurrection. God is what makes the difference against all odds. These words can build us up today and remind us that God keeps God's promises against all odds.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
What are some of God's promises to us today? How do we see them fulfilled?
How do you think you would have felt if you had been with the people of Isreal, on the verge of entering the land?
Are there times when it feels like God doesn't keep promises? What do we make of those times? Does it change our understanding of who God is?
PRAYER
Our Father, we ask you to instruct us as we study, read, and meditate. Change our lives and thinking so that we might become, through faith, all you want us to be. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Scripture:
Psalm 63
“O God... my soul thirsts for you”
God, you are my God, I seek you, my soul thirsts for you; my flesh faints for you,
as in a dry and weary land where there is no water.
2 So I have looked upon you in the sanctuary,
beholding your power and glory.
3 Because your steadfast love is better than life,
my lips will praise you.
4 So I will bless you as long as I live;
I will lift up my hands and call on your name.
5 My soul is satisfied as with a rich feast,
and my mouth praises you with joyful lips
6 when I think of you on my bed,
and meditate on you in the watches of the night;
7 for you have been my help,
and in the shadow of your wings I sing for joy.
8 My soul clings to you;
your right hand upholds me.
9 But those who seek to destroy my life
shall go down into the depths of the earth;
10 they shall be given over to the power of the sword,
they shall be prey for jackals.
11 But the king shall rejoice in God;
all who swear by him shall exult,
for the mouths of liars will be stopped.
Many scholars believe that David wrote this psalm while reflecting on his wilderness trials, perhaps the time when he escaped the murderous King Saul. First Samuel 20 tells us that David is on the run from Saul. David would survive this threat and become the great king of Israel. But at this point in the story he is far from the throne. It's easy to imagine that fear, hunger, and thirst are his constant companions. He knows what it is like to be far from sustenance and safety.
Psalm 63 is not a history lesson, though. It captures the emotions of a common human experience. The people of God sometimes face difficult times. We may endure a wilderness of sorts, a time of disorientation in our lives. It could be illness or death or the challenge of living with the consequences of poor choices. Real enemies, human or otherwise, may seek to undo us. When we are in that sort of wilderness, we may feel that we have been abandoned by God.
Where is God when I need blessed assurance that my life is in good hands? Where is God during the wilderness journeys of life, the parched and dry land of the soul? Where do I look when I need to reorient my life, my priorities, and my values?
In the West African country of Ghana, many Christians offer evening and morning prayers daily. Specifically, prior to retiring for the evening, the believer offers praise to God and asks for protection during sleep. At night people are at their most vulnerable. Any number of dangers can befall one who sleeps. At daybreak, as believers in Ghana awaken, they begin the day with a prayer of thanksgiving to God for providing security through the night. So the day ends and begins with prayer that seeks the protective presence of God Almighty.
The church has traditionally employed Ps. 63 as a morning prayer. The Hebrew word translated "I seek you" (shachar) can also refer to "daybreak" or "dawn," implying an earnest search for God by the light of the new day. Psalm 63 conveys the same sense of waking, perhaps after a sleepless night given to fret and worry. The morning dawns, and the believer longs for the assurance of God's presence. Looking to the rising sun in the east, the believer reorients (orient, "east") herself each morning by lifting holy hands and praising God.
Prayer for safety while we recline on our beds reminds us of a favorite children's prayer:
“Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my soul to keep. If I should die before I wake, I pray the Lord my soul to take.”
Common understandings of soul—that it is a separate aspect of the human being, and that the soul, the eternal spark within us, goes to God at death, while the material (body) deteriorates—derive from Greek philosophical and Gnostic worldviews. According to these views, the universe is composed of differing levels of spiritual and material realities. The High God at the highest spiritual plane created the lower gods, or demiurges; the lower gods, less spiritual, created the material world, the lowest plane of reality. In this scheme, the spiritual world has higher and lower levels of that which is deemed good; and the material, better and worse levels of evil. The human body is a prison; the soul (spiritual, good) desires nothing less than breaking out of the prison and returning to the source of everything good. Gnostic understandings of the world continue to perpetuate this dualistic view of reality, even in the church. Even in our children's bedtime prayer: "I pray the Lord my soul to keep ... to take."
HUNGER AND THIRST FOR GOD
In contrast, the biblical understanding of soul presumes for the most part that the human being is a psychosomatic unity. Rather than saying, "I have a soul," it might be more accurate to say, "I am a soul" or "I am a mind-soul-body unity." The Hebrew word nephesh can be translated "soul," "life," "person," "gullet," and "appetite." Especially fascinating is the reference to gullet or throat. The human
throat provides passage for basic, life-giving elements—air, food, water. From the throat and through the mouth come words and songs of praise to God. Thinking of the soul as a passageway for sustenance and praise gives a provocative metaphor for the devotional life of the believer.
Words related to speaking, eating, and drinking are replete throughout Ps. 63:
• my soul thirsts for you (v. 1)
• my lips will praise you (v. 3)
• call on your name (v. 4)
• a rich feast, and my mouth praises you with joyful lips (v. 5)
• prey for jackals (v. 10)
• the mouths of liars (v. 11)
If, as some students of the Bible maintain, the wings (v. 7) suggest a mother bird's protection of her babies as a metaphorical frame of reference for the psalm, the open mouths of fledgling birds provide a stunning visual parable. Like the baby birds, mouths open wide, necks craning for the mother's provision, so too we yearn, hunger, long for the sustaining presence of God. As the babies chirp in anticipation and learn to sing in grateful acknowledgment of their mother's certain care, so our lips drink in blessing and sing forth grateful praises to God. The liars in the psalm, like baby birds who do not open their mouths to be fed, will have their lips sealed as they go down to destruction.
Baby birds need more than just a bit of help to survive. Newborn birds are extremely helpless. They need to be protected, fed, and kept warm. "My soul clings to you; your right hand upholds me" (v. 8). "Clinging" expresses great intimacy, such as in Gen. 2:24 ("... a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh") and Ruth 1:14 (Ruth clings to Naomi). The psalmist recognizes that personal survival depends on clinging to the parentlike nurture of God. This dependency does not embarrass but leads us to sing with joy.
The Bible is full of images feasting. The table is a place of singular intimacy between God and God's people—from the strange visitors to Abraham and Sarah's tent at the oaks of Mamre (Gen. 18) and the consoling word that the Lord sets a table in the presence of our enemies (Ps. 23) to the tables of sinners where Jesus sat and the meal that would become a sacrament for us. In Scripture, table fellowship often accompanies the sealing of covenant and conveys the spirit of hospitality, safety, reconciliation, and celebration. In Egypt, during the first Passover meal, God spared the Hebrew firstborn while a plague killed Egypt's firstborn (Ex. 12). Later after Moses received Torah, on Mount Sinai, God sealed the covenant with a feast (Ex. 24).
Isaiah 55 expands the table intimacy of the personal relationship with God to include the community of Israel and the entire world. Written during the Babylonian exile, another wilderness sojourn for Israel, Isaiah's vision proclaims that the One who feeds, protects, and sustains us extends an invitation to all peoples and all lands. All who thirst for God are welcome and are promised a seat at the feasting table.
Ho, everyone who thirsts,
come to the waters; and you that have no money,
come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk
without money and without price. Why do you spend your money for that which is not bread,
and your labor for that which does not satisfy?
(Isa. 55:l~2b).
Jesus saw the table as the setting for our promised future home with God. From the supper in the upper room to the table along the Emmaus road, disciples of Jesus Christ are assured that the same God who sustains us in the unfolding years of this life is the very same God who promises eternity to us. Regardless of where we are, God will be found, seeking us, feeding us, comforting us, and leading us to greater faithfulness.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Can you describe a time when you were not certain God was present?
What does God's steadfast love mean to you? Can you describe a time when you knew that love?
How would you respond to someone who is not sure that they matter to God?
PRAYER
You, O Lord, are God.
You made us and we are yours:
We are your people and the sheep of your pasture.
We enter your gates with thanksgiving
and your courts with praise.
We thank you and bless your name.
For you, O Lord, are good;
your steadfast love endures forever,
and your faithfulness to all generations.
—based on Psalm 100:3-5
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
Psalm 63
“O God... my soul thirsts for you”
God, you are my God, I seek you, my soul thirsts for you; my flesh faints for you,
as in a dry and weary land where there is no water.
2 So I have looked upon you in the sanctuary,
beholding your power and glory.
3 Because your steadfast love is better than life,
my lips will praise you.
4 So I will bless you as long as I live;
I will lift up my hands and call on your name.
5 My soul is satisfied as with a rich feast,
and my mouth praises you with joyful lips
6 when I think of you on my bed,
and meditate on you in the watches of the night;
7 for you have been my help,
and in the shadow of your wings I sing for joy.
8 My soul clings to you;
your right hand upholds me.
9 But those who seek to destroy my life
shall go down into the depths of the earth;
10 they shall be given over to the power of the sword,
they shall be prey for jackals.
11 But the king shall rejoice in God;
all who swear by him shall exult,
for the mouths of liars will be stopped.
Many scholars believe that David wrote this psalm while reflecting on his wilderness trials, perhaps the time when he escaped the murderous King Saul. First Samuel 20 tells us that David is on the run from Saul. David would survive this threat and become the great king of Israel. But at this point in the story he is far from the throne. It's easy to imagine that fear, hunger, and thirst are his constant companions. He knows what it is like to be far from sustenance and safety.
Psalm 63 is not a history lesson, though. It captures the emotions of a common human experience. The people of God sometimes face difficult times. We may endure a wilderness of sorts, a time of disorientation in our lives. It could be illness or death or the challenge of living with the consequences of poor choices. Real enemies, human or otherwise, may seek to undo us. When we are in that sort of wilderness, we may feel that we have been abandoned by God.
Where is God when I need blessed assurance that my life is in good hands? Where is God during the wilderness journeys of life, the parched and dry land of the soul? Where do I look when I need to reorient my life, my priorities, and my values?
In the West African country of Ghana, many Christians offer evening and morning prayers daily. Specifically, prior to retiring for the evening, the believer offers praise to God and asks for protection during sleep. At night people are at their most vulnerable. Any number of dangers can befall one who sleeps. At daybreak, as believers in Ghana awaken, they begin the day with a prayer of thanksgiving to God for providing security through the night. So the day ends and begins with prayer that seeks the protective presence of God Almighty.
The church has traditionally employed Ps. 63 as a morning prayer. The Hebrew word translated "I seek you" (shachar) can also refer to "daybreak" or "dawn," implying an earnest search for God by the light of the new day. Psalm 63 conveys the same sense of waking, perhaps after a sleepless night given to fret and worry. The morning dawns, and the believer longs for the assurance of God's presence. Looking to the rising sun in the east, the believer reorients (orient, "east") herself each morning by lifting holy hands and praising God.
Prayer for safety while we recline on our beds reminds us of a favorite children's prayer:
“Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my soul to keep. If I should die before I wake, I pray the Lord my soul to take.”
Common understandings of soul—that it is a separate aspect of the human being, and that the soul, the eternal spark within us, goes to God at death, while the material (body) deteriorates—derive from Greek philosophical and Gnostic worldviews. According to these views, the universe is composed of differing levels of spiritual and material realities. The High God at the highest spiritual plane created the lower gods, or demiurges; the lower gods, less spiritual, created the material world, the lowest plane of reality. In this scheme, the spiritual world has higher and lower levels of that which is deemed good; and the material, better and worse levels of evil. The human body is a prison; the soul (spiritual, good) desires nothing less than breaking out of the prison and returning to the source of everything good. Gnostic understandings of the world continue to perpetuate this dualistic view of reality, even in the church. Even in our children's bedtime prayer: "I pray the Lord my soul to keep ... to take."
HUNGER AND THIRST FOR GOD
In contrast, the biblical understanding of soul presumes for the most part that the human being is a psychosomatic unity. Rather than saying, "I have a soul," it might be more accurate to say, "I am a soul" or "I am a mind-soul-body unity." The Hebrew word nephesh can be translated "soul," "life," "person," "gullet," and "appetite." Especially fascinating is the reference to gullet or throat. The human
throat provides passage for basic, life-giving elements—air, food, water. From the throat and through the mouth come words and songs of praise to God. Thinking of the soul as a passageway for sustenance and praise gives a provocative metaphor for the devotional life of the believer.
Words related to speaking, eating, and drinking are replete throughout Ps. 63:
• my soul thirsts for you (v. 1)
• my lips will praise you (v. 3)
• call on your name (v. 4)
• a rich feast, and my mouth praises you with joyful lips (v. 5)
• prey for jackals (v. 10)
• the mouths of liars (v. 11)
If, as some students of the Bible maintain, the wings (v. 7) suggest a mother bird's protection of her babies as a metaphorical frame of reference for the psalm, the open mouths of fledgling birds provide a stunning visual parable. Like the baby birds, mouths open wide, necks craning for the mother's provision, so too we yearn, hunger, long for the sustaining presence of God. As the babies chirp in anticipation and learn to sing in grateful acknowledgment of their mother's certain care, so our lips drink in blessing and sing forth grateful praises to God. The liars in the psalm, like baby birds who do not open their mouths to be fed, will have their lips sealed as they go down to destruction.
Baby birds need more than just a bit of help to survive. Newborn birds are extremely helpless. They need to be protected, fed, and kept warm. "My soul clings to you; your right hand upholds me" (v. 8). "Clinging" expresses great intimacy, such as in Gen. 2:24 ("... a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh") and Ruth 1:14 (Ruth clings to Naomi). The psalmist recognizes that personal survival depends on clinging to the parentlike nurture of God. This dependency does not embarrass but leads us to sing with joy.
The Bible is full of images feasting. The table is a place of singular intimacy between God and God's people—from the strange visitors to Abraham and Sarah's tent at the oaks of Mamre (Gen. 18) and the consoling word that the Lord sets a table in the presence of our enemies (Ps. 23) to the tables of sinners where Jesus sat and the meal that would become a sacrament for us. In Scripture, table fellowship often accompanies the sealing of covenant and conveys the spirit of hospitality, safety, reconciliation, and celebration. In Egypt, during the first Passover meal, God spared the Hebrew firstborn while a plague killed Egypt's firstborn (Ex. 12). Later after Moses received Torah, on Mount Sinai, God sealed the covenant with a feast (Ex. 24).
Isaiah 55 expands the table intimacy of the personal relationship with God to include the community of Israel and the entire world. Written during the Babylonian exile, another wilderness sojourn for Israel, Isaiah's vision proclaims that the One who feeds, protects, and sustains us extends an invitation to all peoples and all lands. All who thirst for God are welcome and are promised a seat at the feasting table.
Ho, everyone who thirsts,
come to the waters; and you that have no money,
come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk
without money and without price. Why do you spend your money for that which is not bread,
and your labor for that which does not satisfy?
(Isa. 55:l~2b).
Jesus saw the table as the setting for our promised future home with God. From the supper in the upper room to the table along the Emmaus road, disciples of Jesus Christ are assured that the same God who sustains us in the unfolding years of this life is the very same God who promises eternity to us. Regardless of where we are, God will be found, seeking us, feeding us, comforting us, and leading us to greater faithfulness.
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
Can you describe a time when you were not certain God was present?
What does God's steadfast love mean to you? Can you describe a time when you knew that love?
How would you respond to someone who is not sure that they matter to God?
PRAYER
You, O Lord, are God.
You made us and we are yours:
We are your people and the sheep of your pasture.
We enter your gates with thanksgiving
and your courts with praise.
We thank you and bless your name.
For you, O Lord, are good;
your steadfast love endures forever,
and your faithfulness to all generations.
—based on Psalm 100:3-5
Compiled from The Present Word and Congregational Ministries Publishing is not liable for for the content of this Bible Study and Blog.
From The Present Word © 2011 Congregational Ministries Publishing. Used by permission.
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